Morality - Cyber Bullying - 948 Words

Cyber Bullying Cyber-bullying is when a person is harassed, embarrassed, intimidated, terrorised, tormented, threatened, or otherwise targeted by person using the Internet, interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones by means of threats, sexual remarks, negative labels, ridicule, false statements or disclosure of personal data. it is sometimes referred to as cyber-harassment or cyber stalking. The methods used are limited only by the childs imagination and access to technology. Traditional bullying has been characterized by the following; an intention by the bully to hurt the target (emotionally or physically) an imbalance of power, a continued threat of further aggression, an inability by the target to defend themselves, or†¦show more content†¦Accordingly, young offenders often post extreme comments and insults to make friends laugh. Bullying is bad enough when it is in person, but using the internet to bully someone can cause more damage mentally, due to anonymous users and also physically, due to the increased risk of suicide. This needs to stop, and it starts with us. Bibliography CyberBullying 2013, [Online], Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberbullying#Legal_definition [7 August 2013] Cyberbullying 2013, [Online], Available: http://au.reachout.com/Cyberbullying [31 July 2013] Cyberbullying 2013, [Online], Available: http://www.thinkuknow.org.au/kids/cyberbullying.asp [19 July 2013] Cyberbullying: what is it and how to get help: Violence, Harassment and Bullying Fact sheet 2011, [Online], Available: http://www.humanrights.gov.au/cyberbullying-what-it-and-how-get-help-violence-harassment-and-bullying-fact-sheet [25 June 2013] Bullying and cyberbullying facts 2013, [Online], Available: http://www.qld.gov.au/disability/children-young-people/bullying/facts.html [15 June 2013] Cyber Bullying Statistics 2009, [Online], Available: http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/cyber-bullying-statistics.html [4 August 2013] Stop Cyber-bullying Now! 2011, [Online], Available: http://ict-design.org/tag/cyber-bullying/ [2 August 2013] Bullycide 2009, [Online], Available: http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/bullycide.html [29 June 2013] Cyber BullyingShow MoreRelatedHiding One s Identity Is Nothing New1602 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing anonymous will have a negative effect do to the â€Å"online disinhibition effect† . This effect states that while online, some people self-disclose or act out more frequently or intensely than they would in person. Duty-based ethics claims that our morality must be grounded by the obligations we have to one another and stresses the that we respect other persons. This disassociation from their true identity may make a duty based ethical standpoint may no long be valid. Because there is no legal nameRead MoreHiding One s Identity Is Nothing New1915 Words   |  8 PagesDuty-based ethics claims that our morality must be grounded by the obligations we have to one another and stresses the that we respect other individuals. This disassociation from their real identity may make a duty-based ethical standpoint invalid. Because there is no real identity attached to their actions, the an onymous user may no longer feel any moral obligation to respect others. Because of this effect, many opposed to online anonymity claim that it creates cyber bullies. The case of Megan MeierRead MoreThe Importance of Understanding Bullying1279 Words   |  5 PagesBullying has been an ongoing problem that is detrimental to not only the bully but most especially the victim. Multiple negative effects arise from participating in bullying activity. Bullying is defined as â€Å"unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time (ED et al., 2014).† Although there is no direct solution to this problem, there are ways to reduce bullyingRead MoreMedia s Effect On Society1286 Words   |  6 Pagespublic in a way that it could control what a person does or thinks. More and more people see in media the preferable image that they want to be themselves. As viewers see this pastime to be designed for enjoyment, media greatly affects the audience’s morality, security, and health. Many children and teens are exposed to sex and violence while watching television. That is why many of them tend to get even more vulgar. Although expressing profound concern at the profanity that media has to offer, parents’Read MoreBullying And Its Effect On Society1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmay be exploited is through the familiar conviction of bullying. Bullying has been entrenched in American society as a relevant issue for quite some time. The word â€Å"bully† derives back from as far as the 1530’s. In 1838, the novel, Oliver Twist, exhibited the first use of bullying within literary work. Years later, in 1862, the first account of bullying was reported. Over one hundred years following this, the first proposition of an anti-bullying law was constructed. As time has persisted, the issueRead MoreThe Impact of Social Media on Youth and Adults1646 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups within our culture to the point where we will have to decide if it is benefical or harful to the indivudal. Impacts of Social Media on Youth and Adults The impacts of social media on youth and Adults are many. The issues consist of cyber bullying, decreased productivity, and trouble distinguishing relationships. Research conducted at Cornell University states that, social media sites give people a false sense of connection to your peers. Social networks such as Facebook have the potentialRead MoreThe Social Communication Era1478 Words   |  6 Pagesimpossible to trace. Another example of an actual case is 13 year old American Megan Meier from Missouri, who committed suicide in October 2006 was a victim of cyberbullying. Her parents believed that her death was the caused as a result of a cruel cyber hoax on Myspace. The accused; Lori Drew for creating a fake account on Myspace, was declined prosecution in Missouri because there was no law against cyberbullying in that state. Another growing concern among our younger population namely childrenRead MoreHow Technology Is Causing The Decline Of Morality1158 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, and with advances like cloning, society’s morality begins to be questioned. The film Blade Runner and short story â€Å"Margin of Error† bring up questions of morality related to technology, and I will use these works as reference to strengthen my arguments. The continuous evolution of technology is causing the decline of morality in society. You do not have to look into the future to witness the effects of technology on morality, in fact you can look around the world today. The introductionRead MoreCyberbullying : Cyberbullying And Cyberbullying3166 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, provide a background in case law that makes disciplining cyberbullies difficult, and review key pieces of Rapides Parish Student Handbook in accordance with state guidelines and district policy for cyberbullying. Definitions used in policy development for cyberbullying should, â€Å"illustrate the forms it takes, the tools that are used to engage in it, and ways in which it is understood to differ from traditional bullying† (Shariff, 2008, p.29).Read MoreCensorship Online1041 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is no certain censorship protecting children on internet, children may access to harmful information including dangerous concepts, violence, cyber bullying, cyber stalking and child pornography that they shouldn’t be exposed to at their ages. These kinds of materials potentially have very bad effects on children’s future recognitions and morality. The issue of CIPA can censor the internet that prevents harmful materials doing damage to children on internet. It’s very important to make everyone

Literary Analysis of No Name Woman - 6151 Words

A short literary analysis of Maxine Kingstons classic â€Å"No Name Woman† As part of the first generation of Chinese-Americans, Maxine Hong Kingston writes about her struggle to distinguish her cultural identity through an impartial analysis of her aunt’s denied existence. In â€Å"No Name Woman,† a chapter in her written memoirs, Kingston analyzes the possible reasons behind her disavowed aunt’s dishonorable pregnancy and her village’s subsequent raid upon her household. And with a bold statement that shatters the family restriction to acknowledge the exiled aunt, Kingston states that, â€Å"†¦ [she] alone devote pages of paper to her [aunt]...† With this premeditated declaration, Kingston rebelliously breaks the family’s cultural taboo to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Don’t humiliate us. You wouldn’t like to be forgotten as if you had never been born. The villagers are watchful.† Practically th rough her mother’s indoctrination alone, Kingston was shaped throughout her childhood to respect honor, family, and the very Chinese culture itself. Kingston’s mother had once told her, â€Å"you must not tell anyone [about your aunt],† and yet in direct defiance, Kingston then â€Å"devote[s] pages of paper to her [aunt].† Her actions which defy her mother’s strict order are purposely directed through her rebellious intention to do so. Kingston argues that the emigrant generation, which consisted of her mother, had taken their culture with them because â€Å"those in the emigrant generations who could not reassert brute survival died young and far from home.† Yet raising their progeny, they must teach them what they know and understand. Kingston therefore believes that â€Å"they must try to confuse their offspring as well, who, I suppose, threaten them in similar ways – always trying to get things straight, always trying to nam e theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Maxine Hong Kingston No Name Woman1670 Words   |  7 PagesChapter I Introduction 1.1. Background of study Adultery defined as a sex relationship between a married woman and a man other than her spouse or a sex relationship that usually happened also between unmarried couples in their relationship. It is actually the same as stated in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary; adultery is a sex between a married person and someone who is not their husband or wife (18). Indeed, Adultery sometimes becomes something crucial in our society. As an additionRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros766 Words   |  3 Pages I am writing a literary analysis on â€Å"The House on Mango Street† by Sandra Cisneros. This story takes place in the center of an over populated Latino neighborhood in Chicago, a city where many of the poor areas are ethnically segregated. This novella uses two main symbols shoes and trees. Later in the literary analysis I will explain what these mean to the main characters. There are three main characters in the novella Esperanza, Sally and Nenny (shor t for â€Å"Magdalena†). The House on Mango StreetRead MoreFeminist Literary Criticism By Joanne Rowling1012 Words   |  5 Pagesthe pen name J.K. Rowling, in order to make sure boys weren’t turned off from reading her books (J.K. Rowling). Later on in her career, she chose the name Robert Galbraith for a different series of books. When letting her publisher know it wasn’t Robert who wrote the book, but that it was she, he was astonished that a women wrote the book he just finished (About – Roger Galbraith). These are recent events in our history, and incidents like this are the reason feminist theory in literary criticismRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of A Worn Path1221 Words   |  5 PagesOvercoming Obstacles: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Worn Path† Thesis: â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty is one of the best short stories to incorporate different symbolic representations of determination and the will to live. I. Introduction II. Phoenix A. Definition B. Characteristics III. Natural symbolism A. Steep hill B. Thorns of bush IV. Perceived Racism A. Imagined cake B. White hunter V. Arrival in Natchez A. Nurses’ comments BRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis on Revelation794 Words   |  4 Pages Literary Analysis â€Å"Revelation† Flannery O’Connor short story entitled â€Å"Revelation† was swayed by her personal upbringing in the South. 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E Business Free Essays

string(149) " and a wide variety of other organisations requiring groceries †¢ Remote delivery: Delivery to remote areas of the NT, WA and far north Queensland\." ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT ITECH7606 Case Study Report Student Name Kuruppu Dilshan Rodrigo Student ID 30094858 1 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 Executive Summery In this case study i am critically evaluates all aspects of an Coles Pvt Ltd that engages i electronic commerce or electronic business and communicate these key issues though this report base on under mention topics. Brief introduction about Coles and infrastructure, current implementation of the internet in Coles group, description about an impact has made internet on this organization and also different business models which they use to improve their turn over and customer relationship. Identification of value chains and i am going to discuss some of the problems that specifically might encounter electronic supply chain management , identify suppliers, make payments, check availability of supplies, automatic reordering of supplies through shared systems, track order progress, collaborative demand planning and forecasting. We will write a custom essay sample on E Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have mention about few implementations which regards to e procurement and activities. Different types of e-marketing method which coles use to compete with other retain giants such as Woolie , different techniques have been used in my selected organization and how electronic communication to differentiate products and services. Finally some of the change management issues that they have faced during past years. 2 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 Index Page No Introduction 03 Body 04 Conclusion 15 Reference 16 3 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT Introduction 30094858 In 1985 G. J Coles, primarily a Melbourne-based supermarket chain, merged with Myer Ltd, an upmarket Melbourne department store, becoming Coles Myer Ltd. The merger was brought on by an expectation of significant cost savings from sharing services and overheads such as purchasing, warehousing, information technology and property. However these benefits never occurred. Coles Myer was burdened with poor management, bad strategic decisions, and internal conflict. Their share price was faltering, and lagging behind their biggest competitor Woolworths, and profit had been stagnant for three years. In September 2001 the board appointed John Fletcher as chief executive, well known for his part in turning Brambles into a successful international company. Fletcher’s first priority was to do something about Coles Myer’s share price, however he recognised that to be able to change it he must first deal with the company’s strategic and structural problems. This analysis of organisational design and effectiveness will discuss the issues experienced by Coles discussion of theories related to the these problems and possible solutions, an examination of what is being done, and what else could be done to improve the situation. The implementation of common ,centralised IT and processes throughout the Coles Group would play a significant role in their future success. Using common software and procedures will increase communication and coordination, and reduce organisational complexity. A centralised system is well suited to the Coles Group, and it will enhance control and monitoring; important processes in a machine bureaucracy. Leifer (1988) asserts that effective performance of centralised computer business information systems requires rules and policies that match the tasks of the machine bureaucracy organisation, supporting this statement. Moving to a centralised system would appear to be a significant change, however Rockart and Scott Morton (1984, cited in Leifer 1986 p 66. ) believe implementing a centralised system in a machine bureaucracy requires few changes on part of the organisation†. 4 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 While online shopping in the grocery and liquor market represents only a small proportion of total food and drink sales in Australia it is growing significantly. Coles Online saw a doubling of sales in 2010. Coles sells liquor online through our Liquorland Direct and Vintage Cellars Wine Club. We have experienced growth in sales in the online liquor market as we have seen in groceries. In the more mature online grocery shopping markets, such as in the UK, online shopping represents about 4 per cent of the food and drink market, and it is expected to grow to 12 per cent by 2014. 2 Coles does not anticipate material employment impacts in its business from the growth in online retail. The growth in online retail has lead to an increase in employment to service the online market. Online purchases are picked from the existing supermarket shelves and require drivers to delivery groceries. When Coles first started online sales, distribution centres were used to pick and deliver groceries. Now, Coles online operates out of selected supermarkets Presently every organization has great impact on internet; quite a lot of businesses merge into online business. coles group introduce their first web page long time ago, due to rapidly changing technology and challenges they move out and implement according to overcome and withstand modern word technical challenges too at the moment coles web page run by aspx which is provide dynamic web rather than static web pages which is display only information to customers. Fig 01 5 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 Above fig 01 show how dynamic web page work technically. Even though it seems to be quite easy but there are number of information technology master minds work at back stage 24Ãâ€"7 to provide secure and reliable service to customers. Coles implemented rich interface page using latest web development technology to provide wide range of facilities to their customer. Online shopping through the Coles Online brand began in 1999 with delivery across the Sydney and Melbourne metropolitan areas. The service was initially restricted to the Sydney and Melbournemetropolitan areas as the service was run out of a distribution centre in each capital city. The online service moved out of distribution centres into six stores across Sydney and Melbourne in 2008. In 2010, our online service expanded to all States and Territories in order to respond to customer demand. Now Coles Online services over 85 per cent of Australia’s population with delivery in all capital cities and major towns. Coles online businesses offer four types of services †¢ Home delivery: Delivery to your doorstep or kitchen bench via refrigerated van Business delivery: Delivery to offices and a wide variety of other organisations requiring groceries †¢ Remote delivery: Delivery to remote areas of the NT, WA and far north Queensland. You read "E Business" in category "Papers" Remote customers of Coles historically ordered via telephone or fax with their own courier arrangements in place (road, rail, barge or air). This has been transitioned to full visibility of a virtual supermarket on the internet with significant benefits all round †¢ Collection: Customer collection of groceries ordered online – either at a designated Coles Supermarket or another location with chilled storage facilities . ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 Coles Online features †¢ A huge range of all popular supermarket items (covering 22,000 SKUs) †¢ Online exclusive specials †¢ Weekly catalogue specials †¢ Unique product offers such as ‘Fruit Vegetable Boxes’ and ‘Create Your Own Hampers’ †¢ Personal account areas to manage your orders and create custom lists †¢ Express Shop search functionality †¢ Fresh and easy recipe ideas †¢ Seasonal product range †¢ Detailed product information and nutritional information †¢ A convenient range of delivery time slots †¢ FlyBuys points. You can continue to collect 2 standard FlyBuys points for every $5 you spend with Coles when you register your FlyBuys number in ‘My Account’. 7 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 The Internet can help companies create and capture profit in new ways by adding extra value to existing products and services or by providing the foundation for new products and services. The Internet Business models are abstraction of what and how the enterprise delivers product or service, showing how the enterprise creates wealth by taking advantages of the Internet’s rich communication capabilities. They provide the customer with a new product or service; They provide additional information or service along with a traditional product or service, or they provide a product or service at a much lower cost than traditional means. How do these organizations’ business models affect the way they market themselves? How does the target market learn more about this site? Coles online have business models that rely entirely on internet transactions. They need to create volume sales as efficiently as possible. Therefore, they have done everything they can to direct consumer traffic to their sites regardless of their product. Through referral sites, online advertising and most importantly web services, they have been very effective at this goal. They have expanded via third parties to increase their web presence. Consumers learn more about both of these sites almost automatically if they search for a product on the web.. AZ is not a revenue targeted site, but they probably prefer more AZ consumers using their online services. I have seen links to their site on other web sites, primarily AZ newspapers online. Identify benefits of this site to the organization and to the site’s visitors. The benefits of Amazon’s and EBay’s sites to their respective organizations should be obvious from the other answers. These businesses are entirely web-based, so they would be non-existent without the site and its visitors. All of their revenue, brand recognition and global presence comes from their sites. Unlike hybrid retailers like Walmart or Target, you will likely never see an Amazon physical bricks and mortar store. The benefits to the consumers of Amazon and EBay are the wide array of products that can be 8 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 purchased and shipped directly to their home. Used products, unusual products, competitive pricing, the power of database searching and one stop shopping are also benefits of both sites. With AZ, the benefits to the organization are mostly in servicing costs. It is much cheaper for Arizona government if everyone in Arizona renews their driver’s licenses online. Also, Arizona wants to grow, both in number of residents and number of businesses. By providing a central site for prospective residents and business owners, the AZ site might attract some more residents and businesses. The benefits of AZ to consumers is the ease of performing Arizona services online. Using myself as an example, I seek to do anything possible online, rather than drive to or call a service center. I have renewed my drivers license at the AZ site as well as downloaded tax forms and applied for duplicate vehicle titles. When we look at this organization as a whole , i would be able recognize there two different business models involves in their business process such as B2C business to customer – It applies to any business or organisation that sells its products or services to consumers on the internet for its own use. About one fifth of e-commerce takes place between businesses and consumers. B2C is of greater interest to the public, because most of the online buyers are people (in millions) and not organisations. On the other hand B2B business to business It involves companies buying from and selling to each other, on the internet. In other words it is commercial activity between businesses. Online B2B is growing fast in both horizontal and vertical markets. In a horizontal market, companies in one industry sell to companies in other industries, whereas in a vertical market business takes place among companies operating in the same industry in a sequential supply chain. Under the B2B process, a higher level of collaboration between retailer and supplier is required. In particular this will affect both Coles and supplier’s IT systems and business processes. Trading via B2B results in these three outcomes ? Cost effective Administration 9 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT ? ? Timely Outcomes Reliable Processes 30094858 In its simplest form, B2B documents follow this approach All orders placed by Grocery Holdings Pty Ltd (GHPL), the wholesale operation servicing our retail Brands, will be transacted this way. Currently the following are out of scope for the B2B program ? Direct to store deliveries ? General Merchandise Cross-dock deliveries to GHPL ? Deliveries of Fresh Fruit Vegetables and Fresh Fish ? Random Weight items The Benefits to suppliers of moving to B2B 10 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 There are many benefits for both suppliers and Coles by moving to B2B trading processes. Though not all may apply to every supplier here is a list of the more commonly known benefits: Electronic messaging is a fast, accurate and versatile way for passing information between trading partner’s systems enabling better business decisions to be made. The speed and accuracy of the scan packing process leads to a reduction in pick errors. This results in a reduction in claims for incorrect delivery quantity that occur when a manual picking process is used. The introduction of the electronic invoice (eI) means that the occurrence of lost ‘paper’ invoices ceases. This, in turn, improves the average days outstanding of supplier invoices. GHPL DC’s prefer to deal with compliant suppliers because of the labour savings B2B generates. DC’s have cost budgets too, and it makes sense for them to schedule deliveries at the cheapest times to process them (i. e. during standard business hours, wherever possible). The B2B process enables information such as batch codes and use-by dates to flow from system to system easily and accurately, and this helps ensure customers consume goods at their freshest. Moving to B2B with Coles means suppliers will trade using a single, uniform process across all Coles brands. Suppliers who already trade with other retail business (e. g. Kmart, Target or Officeworks) will be familiar with the B2B process, as these businesses have been using B2B exclusively for many years. The web-based TPM system enables suppliers to view their PO, ASN and ADM, in real time, day or night. B2B improves sales for both Coles and suppliers because the POA enables Coles National Inventory Team to order additional stock for items not fully supplied on previous orders. 11 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 Faster truck turnaround time occurs because DC’s ‘scan receive’ the stock into their systems, as opposed to the old manual process. B2B compliant suppliers are already talking to their transport Six Steps to Implementation The following steps outlined in the following pages have been designed to help you implement a B2B eCommerce solution. Auditing your current internal processes will help you determine how much work is required to prepare you for the B2B process. You may have already partially completed some of these steps, which can be discussed further with your eCommerce Implementation Team member, to confirm your requirements. The 6 steps are: 1. Project Initialisation 2. Research and Plan 3. Install and Test 4. End-to-End Validation and Accreditation Testing 5. Cut Over and ‘Go Live’ 6. Monitor Step 1: Project Initialisation As a supplier to GHPL, you may have been approached directly by Coles to participate in the B2B eCommerce program. This approach may have taken the form of: . . A request for a one-on-one meeting Direct mail and follow up We will discuss the B2B requirements, operational processes and the steps needed to implement the B2B process. Specific business objectives and required timelines will be detailed. 12 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT 30094858 If a face-to-face meeting or conference call is organised consider bringing the following participants ? ? ? Account Manager(s) Technical staff (internal or consultants) Supply Chain staff Step 2: Research and Plan Once you’ve agreed to implement a B2B eCommerce solution, you need to think about how you will implement it and what you need to do to set up your solution. This step is very important and you should spend the time necessary to get it right for your business. Research involves: . . . . Assessing your current processes, systems and overall direction Evaluating potential solutions (if none have previously been implemented) Scoping, costing and selecting a final solution Familiarisation with the planning and testing functionality provided by the CMT. Understanding the change management requirements within your business given the required process changes to implement B2B Preparing an implementation plan that establishes your readiness to trade electronically in the required timeframe. 13 Step 3: Install and Test This step will vary greatly from supplier to supplier depending on your size, type of merchandise, solution provider and current infrastructure. Typically during this phase you will: Install any additional or upgraded hardware and software. Test communications and all the B2B documents as part of your systems development cycle. Define, confirm and test re-engineered processes from receipt of order to despatch. All document validation will be facilitated via the use of the CMT. When you’ve completed this step, you will be ready to undertake a complete set of End-ToEnd test scenarios (from electronic order to eI) with Coles prior to being accredited. Step 4: End-to-End Validation and Accreditation Testing During this step several test scenarios will be performed commencing with an electronic test order and ending with an eInvoice. You will be required to receive and process a test order as if it were a real order. Contents of the order must be validated prior to picking and packing All suppliers are required to respond with a POA for every PO on the day it is received. The packing process must result in SCM Logistics labels and ASN(s) being generated. You will not be required to deliver the stock ordered on your test orders. The ASN is transmitted to Coles and the SCM Logistics labels are sent to the eCIT for verification. 14 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT The eI is transmitted to Coles. An ADM will be sent to the supplier to advise that NIL stock was receipted. 0094858 B2B accreditation is achieved when you have successfully completed all the steps in the CMT. Step 5: Cut Over and Go Live Your eCIT team member will guide you through a comprehensive ‘Go Live’ Checklist as the final check that all elements of your change to B2B have been understood and considered. Commencing on the agreed ‘Go Live’ date, Coles will expect all orders to be processed using the B2B proces s. The eCIT will advise relevant Coles receiving locations of the date you expect to commence live B2B deliveries. Step 6: Monitor This is an ongoing process. Coles will randomly check and monitor your delivery performance to ensure that integrity requirements are maintained. Detailed checking will initially be quite intensive until the system has established your process integrity. 100% integrity will result in less checks being performed, however, deliveries with errors will increase the level of checking. Increased checking will slow processing down considerably and increase processing costs proportionately. 15 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT Conclusion 30094858 Finally, adopting e commerce to Coles has done huge impact on whole organization in various ways, letting more opportunities to interact with customer, receive feedback and record data by using Flybyes then introduce customised range of products according to sessions and personal interest of the year. Using high technical business system to make life easier for top to bottom management and smooth run of organization to provide better customer satisfaction on the other hand increase their productivity and revenue. Bargaining power of buyers To strengthen the relation between buyers and suppliers using high software investments were things in the past. Modern technologies allow forward and backward incorporation in the value chain. Coles is one of the challenging competitor for all other retailer ,i believe Coles is top in the Australian retail industry. 16 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT References Books ? 30094858 Burton, R. M. , Lauridsen, J. ; Obel, B. 1999, ‘Tension and Resistance to Change in Organizational Climate: Managerial Implications for a Fast Paced World’, Retrieved April 26th, 2007 from Wood, J. ; Chapman, J. ; Fromholtz, M. ; Morrison, V. ; Wallace, J. ; Zeffane, M. ; Schemerhorn, J. ; Hunt, J. ; Osborne, R. 2003, Organisational behaviour: a global perspective, 3rd edition, John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd, Milton Qld ? Leifer, Richard 1988 ‘Matching Computer-Based Information Systems with Organizational Structures’, MIS Quarterly, Vol 12, no 1, pp 66. ? R ockart, J. and Scott Morton, M. 1984 ‘Implications of Changes in Information Technology for Corporate Strategy’ Interfaces, Vol 14, no 1, pp. 84-96, cited in ? Leifer, Richard 1988 ‘Matching Computer-Based Information Systems with Organizational Structures’, MIS Quarterly, Vol 12, no 1, pp 66. Journals ? Simpson, Kirsty 2006 ‘Coles drops Kmart, Bi-Lo’, The Age, August 1st, 2006, Retrieved April 26th from ? Robbins, S. P and Barnwell, N. S. 2006, Organisation Theory: Concepts and Cases, Prentice Hall, Sydney 17 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE MANAGEMENT Websites ? www. theage. com. au/news/business/coles-drops-kmartbilo/2006/07/31/1154198073979. html ? 30094858 www. lok. cbs. dk/images/publ/Burton%20og%20Obel%20og%20Lauridsen%20tensio n%202000. pdf 18 How to cite E Business, Papers

Multiculturalism in Canada free essay sample

The topic of â€Å"multiculturalism,† has been a hotly debated issue since the end of the colonizing era. In their endeavor to find the best policy for multiculturalism, different countries opted for different options. States that chose to integrate cultural minorities into their mainstream society had to find the solution that would provide the most equality among citizens; a solution that would later translate into national solidarity and social cohesion. While some countries have strived to assimilate cultural minorities, others have attempted to â€Å"turn a blind eye† and tolerate them. Multiculturalism for me means to aid the integration of minorities into the mainstream society by granting them group-specific cultural rights. Providing group-specific rights would mean providing equality for all citizens by making up for the minority’s reduced status they succumbed when integrating into society. This paper will contrast and compare the different forms of multiculturalism policies and will ultimately prove that creating citizen equality by granting group-specific rights to deserving cultural groups is the fairest and most rewarding approach to dealing with multiculturalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism in Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During colonialism, conquering powers made many mistakes in their attempts to deal with the aboriginals of their conquered lands. As Kymlicka (2002) declares, the colonialists’ first instinct was to either banish the indigenous people into isolated reserves or force them to abandon their culture and be assimilated into the new Western culture. The colonialists’ rationale was that if the aboriginals became citizens, they would incorporate themselves into the Western culture by gaining equal rights and would assume a common identity with all citizens. Although this sounds like a well justified argument, when explored in depth, it is easily realized that solely granting citizenship to the aboriginals wouldn’t necessarily lead to integration. This can be determined by the assumption that colonialist state citizens wouldn’t automatically welcome these new ‘different’ citizens with open arms. (Kymlicka, 2002) In addition, the First Nations, along with most other cultures, would predictably not want to shun their own culture and adopt a new one. This is especially true when the cultures in the process of being assimilated are subject to violence and forced compliance to the colonizers. Historically, the negative results associated with assimilation prove that assimilation will not work as a form of integration and a new solution based around groups being able to maintain their previous cultural ties would have to be utilized. After failing to succeed with assimilation attempts, the British colonizers of Canada opted for the option of banishment of natives; an option that would prove to have even more negative implications. Through a series of treaties that First Nation leaders were coerced to sign, the aboriginals of Canada were steadily removed of their rights and their territories. Eventually, these aboriginals were confined to reserves where they could no longer practice their previous lifestyles and their society was essentially ruined. Present day aboriginal peoples of Canada still suffer the consequences of their ancestor’s rights being violated during the colonizing era. Furthermore, due to the actions of the English colonizers centuries ago, the Canadian government today still faces the plight of the First Nations’ ruined society. The problems in First Nation reserves range from unemployment, to alcoholism, to high suicide rates; making it clear that the aboriginal peoples have not had success adapting to modern society effectively. Thus, I feel it is now the government’s duty to support the Canadian aboriginal groups by not only providing them with financial assistance, but also by granting them with group-specific rights to subsidize their misfortunes and at least attempt to give them social and economic equality with the national majority. Overall, neither assimilation nor isolation have worked in history as means of dealing with culture groups. Another solution based on integration to society, while being able to maintain one’s culture, needs to be explored. Such a solution exists in the present day United States. Here, the government acts under the principle of ‘benign neglect’. (Walzer 1992, in Kymlicka, 2002) Such a principle revolves around the state being indifferent to the ethnocultural groups in its country by allowing them to maintain their desired culture as long as they don’t violate the American constitution. The neutrality under which the American government functions allows all cultural groups to integrate as much as they see fit into the mainstream society. Consequently, the American government argues that there is no necessity for minority rights in their country since no one, not even the majority, are favored to any extent and everyone’s culture is tolerated. However, there are faults with the American policy of ‘benign neglect’.  disputes that although the United States declare that they have no recognized official language, the American government has historically ensured that Anglophones become a majority in all of the fifty states. Additionally, the United States still maintains policies today to guarantee that new citizens of the United States are able to speak English. These policies reveal that the Anglophone majority in the United States does indeed benefit by speaking English and there are no minority rights that subsidize the effects of these policies on the minorities. Furthermore, the fact that cultures are ‘tolerated’ for moral reasons in the United States can be seen as disrespectful. Culture groups want to be accepted, understood, and appreciated for what they are, not simply tolerated. Toleration, according to Mookherjee (2008), is something that must be based on self-interest and not sheer desire for moral growth. In summary, the aforementioned faults with the multiculturalism policy of ‘benign neglect’ therefore deem the American policy invalid as it fails to provide actual equality for its citizens. Thus a need for an additional approach to multiculturalism is required. The American benign neglect leaves something to be desired and thus forces national minorities to seek either isolation from mainstream society or integration under fairer terms; hence the debate for group-specific rights. (Kymlicka, 2002) As shown in the example of the First Nations in Canada, isolationism is not very appealing. Therefore, most minority groups choose to integrate into society. However, they need to find a means to protect their culture from the government’s ‘nation-building’ process once they integrate. Nation-building is a fundamentally acceptable idea since it would, in theory, provide a common identity among citizens and equal opportunity to access social institutions. (Kymlicka, 2002) However, nation-building acts too much in the likes of assimilation by promoting one culture and one language that all citizens would have to conform to. The response from minorities would then be to limit the effects of nation-building on their culture by requesting group-specific rights. The minorities’ justification for these rights would be that since the national majority is being benefited by their culture being dispersed among the nation, the benefits have to be balanced. Essentially, group-specific rights are based on the state being convinced that life is fundamentally unequal for minorities in society and thus there is a need to balance out inequalities by providing minorities with special privileges. This is consistent with ‘multicultural theory’ as outlined by Mookherjee (2008), which states that it is, â€Å"unjust if the law of the land demands much greater sacrifices of minorities than it does the majority. † Group-specific rights are however, a very controversial proposal. Mookherjee (2008) argues that â€Å"uniform citizenship is not enough for members of minority cultures in a liberal society. † Therefore, minorities need ‘differentiated citizenship’ in order to acknowledge that some groups have different needs and goals. This seems like a reasonable request, but there are many potential implications to granting special rights. The two main questions associated with group-specific rights are: who gets them? And what rights do they get? The government has to make sure that the special group-rights they grant do not result in the rights of the members in the culture group being violated in any way. According to Kymlicka (2002), there are two possible types of rights that minorities might claim. One of them would be for â€Å"external protections,† this would protect the minority from the external pressures of society. The latter one would allow groups to suppress their members to prevent dissent against the ideals and beliefs of the culture group. The government would understandably have to be extremely cautious about which groups receive group-specific rights. Most groups will use these rights for the protection of their culture and to supplement the individual rights of their members. (Raz in Kymlicka, 2002) However, there will be some groups that will utilize minority rights to perform illiberal actions that violate member’s rights. According to Okin (1999), most times, these violations would be targeted towards women. While some groups violate women openly by not allowing them to be educated or to vote, what about those groups that only mistreat women behind closed doors? Okin (1999) warns that most violations against women are informal and happen within the household. These may include but are not limited to: forcing women to work only in the home, and subjecting women to sexual violence. Okin (1999) argues that most traditional groups, especially religious groups, tend to hold the belief that women should be dominated by men and this is the primary reason why the state should not even consider the idea of granting group-specific rights. However, I believe Kymlicka’s (2002) limitations on which groups can receive minority rights are a very efficient buffer to prevent these violations from occurring. Understands that there is a need to differentiate between what he calls â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† minority rights; the former supplement individual rights, while the latter restrict individual rights. I support Kymlicka’s criteria for granting cultural rights, which includes: allowing free association and the right to exit (Mookherjee, 2008), and that the group demanding special rights be subject to a constitution that defines all the rights of group members. These three main benchmarks would need to be present in order for groups to receive cultural rights and they would also be essential in ensuring that the benefits that group-specific rights are meant to provide are provided. I am aware of Okin’s (1999) argument that only a very limited of cultural groups will be able to meet this criteria. However, I strongly believe that if a culture group fails to ensure the safety and well-being of its members, it is not consistent with a liberal state and should by no means receive the privileges to carry out their illiberal actions inside a liberal state. However, if liberal-democratic cultural groups are awarded special rights, they can use these for positive endeavors. Examples include: to protect their cultures from external societal pressures, which will in turn provide group members with a sense of membership in a community. In addition, the society in which the group is demanding rights will benefit from having different cultures enriching its own. Ideally, the larger society will accept the cultural group and its members will receive positive recognition, which as Taylor (1992, in Mookherjee, 2008) states, is a ‘vital human need. ’ In the end, both the cultural groups and society as a whole should benefit from the existence and success of these groups. However it is my belief that this harmonious ideal can only be achieved through the granting of group-specific rights. In conclusion, I believe that minority cultural rights are justified. Throughout this paper, I have explored other possible realistic and even current policies for dealing with multiculturalism. However, each alternative has a fault or something that I feel can be improved using Kymlicka’s (2002) example. Firstly, neither assimilation nor isolation policies were successful in the past. Secondly, benign neglect in the United States has shown its inefficiency by the fact that the government doesn’t trust its own policy and opts to covertly favor the majority. Furthermore, toleration is not the most inclusive policy of multiculturalism as it doesn’t necessarily create cohesion between cultures and a desired unified nation. And finally, Okin’s (1999) feminist perspective against cultural rights is well defended. However, most right violations of women can be easily prevented by following Kymlicka’s (2002) criteria for the granting of group-specific rights. In general, group-specific rights are merely a way in which the government acknowledges the difficulties that minorities face in maintaining their cultural autonomy. To fix this fundamental inequality, it is necessary that the government grants group-specific cultural rights which would then fix this unbalance of equality and put many groups on as Kymlicka (2002) calls it, a more ‘equal footing,’ with the rest of society. Thus creating harmony. Multiculturalism in Canada free essay sample The topic ot multiculturalism, nas been a hotly debated issue since the end ot the colonizing era. In their endeavor to find the best policy for multiculturalism, different countries opted for different options. States that chose to integrate cultural minorities into their mainstream society had to find the solution that would provide the most equality among citizens; a solution that would later translate into national solidarity and social cohesion. While some countries have strived to assimilate cultural minorities, others have attempted to turn a blind eye and tolerate them. Multiculturalism for me means to aid the integration of minorities into the mainstream society by granting them group-specific cultural rights. Providing group- specific rights would mean providing equality for all citizens by making up for the minoritys reduced status they succumbed when integrating into society. This paper will contrast and compare the different forms of multiculturalism policies and will ultimately prove that creating citizen equality by granting group-specific rights to deserving cultural groups is the fairest and most rewarding approach to dealing with ulticulturalism. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism in Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During colonialism, conquering powers made many mistakes in their attempts to deal with the aboriginals of their conquered lands. As Kymlicka (2002) declares, the colonialists first instinct was to either banish the indigenous people into isolated reserves or force them to abandon their culture and be assimilated into the new Western culture. The colonialists rationale was that if the aboriginals became citizens, they would incorporate themselves into the Western culture by gaining equal rights and would assume a common identity with all citizens. Although this ounds like a well Justified argument, when explored in depth, it is easily realized that solely granting citizenship to the aboriginals wouldnt necessarily lead to integration. This can be determined by the assumption that colonialist state citizens wouldnt automatically welcome these new different citizens with open arms. Kymlicka, 2002) In addition, the First Nations, along with most other cultures, would predictably not want to shun their own culture and adopt a new one. This is especially true when the cultures in the process of being assimilated are subject to violence and forced compliance to the colonizers. Historically, the negative results associated with assimilation prove that assimilation will not work as a form of integration and a new solution based a round groups being able to maintain their previous cultural ties would have to be utilized. After failing to succeed with assimilation attempts, the British colonizers of Canada opted for the option of banishment of natives; an option that would prove to have even more negative implications. Through a series of treaties that First Nation leaders were coerced to sign, the aboriginals of Canada were steadily removed of their rights and their territories. Eventually, these aboriginals were confined to reserves where they could no longer practice their previous lifestyles and their society was essentially ruined. Present day aboriginal peoples of Canada still suffer the consequences of their ancestors rights being violated during the colonizing era. Furthermore, due to the actions ot the English colonizers centuries ago, the Canadian government today still faces the plight of the First Nations ruined society. The problems in First Nation reserves range from unemployment, to alcoholism, to high suicide rates; making it clear that the aboriginal peoples have not had success dapting to modern society effectively. Thus, I feel it is now the governments duty to support the Canadian aboriginal groups by not only providing them with financial assistance, but also by granting them with group-specific rights to subsidize their misfortunes and at least attempt to give them social and economic equality with the national majority. Overall, neither assimilation nor isolation have worked in history as means of dealing with culture groups. Another solution based on integration to society, while being able to maintain ones culture, needs to be explored. Such a solution exists in the present day United States. Here, the government acts under the principle of benign neglect. (Walzer 1992, in Kymlicka, 2002) Such a principle revolves around the state being indifferent to the ethnocultural groups in its country by allowing them to maintain their desired culture as long as they dont violate the American constitution. (Kymlicka, 2002) The neutrality under which the American government functions allows all cultural groups to integrate as much as they see fit into the mainstream society. Consequently, the American government argues that there is no necessity for minority rights in their country since no one, not ven the majority, are favored to any extent and everyones culture is tolerated. However, there are faults with the American policy of benign neglect. Kymlicka (2002) disputes that although the United States declare that they have no recognized official language, the American government has historically ensured that Anglophones become a majority in all of the fifty states. Additionally, the United States still maintains policies today to guarantee that new citizens of the United States are able to speak English. These policies reveal that the Anglophone majority in the United States does indeed benefit by speaking English and there are no minority rights that subsidize the effects of these policies on the minorities. Furthermore, the fact that cultures are tolerated for moral reasons in the United States can be seen as disrespectful. Culture groups want to be accepted, understood, and appreciated for what they are, not simply tolerated. Toleration, according to MookherJee (2008), is something that must be based on self-interest and not sheer desire for moral growth. In summary, the aforementioned faults with the multiculturalism policy of benign neglect therefore deem the American policy invalid as it fails to provide actual equality for its citizens. Thus a need for an additional approach to multiculturalism is required. The American benign neglect leaves something to be desired and thus forces national minorities to seek either isolation from mainstream society or integration under fairer terms; hence the debate for group-specific rights. (Kymlicka, 2002) As shown in the example of the First Nations in Canada, isolationism is not very appealing. Therefore, most minority groups choose to integrate into society. However, hey need to find a means to protect their culture from the governments nation- building process once they integrate. Nation-building is a fundamentally acceptable idea since it woul d, in theory, provide a common identity among citizens and equal opportunity to access social institutions. (Kymlicka, 2002) However, nation-building acts too much in the likes of assimilation by promoting one culture and one language that all citizens would have to conform to. The response from minorities would then be to limit the effects of nation-building on their culture by requesting group-specific ights. The minorities Justification for these rights would be that since the national majority is being benefited by their culture being dispersed among the nation, the benefits have to be balanced. Essentially, group-specific rights are based on the state being convinced that life is fundamentally unequal for minorities in society and thus there is a need to balance out inequalities by providing minorities with special privileges. This is consistent with multicultural theory as outlined by MookherJee (2008), which states that it is, unjust if the law of the land demands much greater acrifices of minorities than it does the majority. Group-specific rights are however, a very controversial proposal. MookherJee (2008) argues that uniform citizenship is not enough for members of minority cultures in a liberal society. Therefore, minorities need differentiated citizenship in order to acknowledge that some groups have different needs and goals. This seems like a reasonable request, but there are many potential implications to granting special rights. The two main questions associated with group-specific rights are: who gets them? And what rights do they get? The government has to make sure that the pecial group-rights they grant do not result in the rights of the members in the culture group being violated in any way. According to Kymlicka (2002), there are two possible types of rights that minorities might claim. One of them would be for external protections, this would protect the minority from the external pressures of society. The latter one would allow groups to suppress their members to prevent dissent against the ideals and beliefs of the culture group. The government would understandably have to be extremely cautious about which groups receive group-specific rights. Most groups will use these rights for the protection of their culture and to supplement the individual rights of their members. (Raz in Kymlicka, 2002) However, there will be some groups that will utilize minority rights to perform illiberal actions that violate members rights. According to Okin (1999), most times, these violations would be targeted towards women. While some groups violate women openly by not allowing them to be educated or to vote, what about those groups that only mistreat women behind closed doors? Okin (1999) warns that most violations against women are informal and happen within the household. These may include but are not limited to: forcing women to work only in the home, and subjecting women to sexual violence. Okin (1999) argues that most traditional groups, especially religious groups, tend to hold the belief that women should be dominated by men and this is the primary reason why the state should not even consider the idea of granting group-specific rights. However, I believe Kymlickas (2002) limitations on which groups can receive minority rights are a very efficient buffer to prevent these violations from occurring. Kymlicka 2) understands that there is a need to ditterentiate between what ne alls good and bad minority rights; the former supplement individual rights, while the latter restrict individual rights. I support Kymlickas criteria for granting cultural rights, which includes: allowing free association and the right to exit (MookherJee, 2008), and that the group demanding special rights be subject to a constitution that defines all the rights of group members. These three main benchmarks would need to be present in order for groups to receive cultural rights and they would also be essential in ensuring that the benefits that group-specific rights are meant to provide re provided. I am aware of Okins (1999) argument that only a very limited of cultural groups will be able to meet this criteria. However, I strongly believe that if a culture group fails to ensure the safety and well-being of its members, it is not consistent with a liberal state and should by no means receive the privileges to carry out their illiberal actions inside a liberal state. However, if liberal-democratic cultural groups are awarded special rights, they can use these for positive endeavors. Examples include: to protect their cultures from external societal pressures, which will in turn rovide group members with a sense of membership in a community. In addition, the society in which the group is demanding rights will benefit from having different cultures enriching its own. Ideally, the larger society will accept the cultural group and its members will receive positive recognition, which as Taylor (1992, in MookherJee, 2008) states, is a Vital human need. In the end, both the cultural groups and society as a whole should benefit from the existence and success of these groups. However it is my belief that this harmonious ideal can only be achieved through the granting of group-specific rights. In conclusion, I believe that minority cultural rights are Justified. Throughout this paper, I have explored other possible realistic and even current policies for dealing with multiculturalism. However, each alternative has a fault or something that I feel can be improved using Kymlickas (2002) example. Firstly, neither assimilation nor isolation policies were successful in the past. Secondly, benign neglect in the United States has shown its inefficiency by the fact that the government doesnt trust its own policy and opts to covertly favor the majority. Furthermore, toleration is not the most nclusive policy of multiculturalism as it doesnt necessarily create cohesion between cultures and a desired unified nation. And finally, Okins (1999) feminist perspective against cultural rights is well defended. However, most right violations of women can be easily prevented by following Kymlickas (2002) criteria for the granting of group- specific rights. In general, group-specific rights are merely a way in which the government acknowledges the difficulties that minorities face in maintaining their cultural autonomy. To fix this fundamental inequality, it is necessary that the overnment grants group-specific cultural rights which would then fix this unbalance of equality and put many groups on as Kymlicka (2002) calls it, a more equal footing, with the rest of society. Thus creating harmony.

Phases of a Computer Attack free essay sample

Reconnaissance uses a variety of sources to learn as much as possible about the target business and how it operates, including †¢Internet searches †¢Dumpster diving †¢Domain name management/search services †¢Non-intrusive network scanning †¢Social engineering Phase 2 Scanning Once you have enough information to understand how the target works and what information of value might be available, you begin the process of scanning perimeter and internal network devices looking for weaknesses, including †¢Open ports †¢Open services †¢Make and model of each piece of LAN/WAN equipment †¢Vulnerable applications, including operating systems †¢Weak protection of data in transit Phase 3 Gaining Access Gaining access to resources is the whole point of a modern-day attack. The usual goal is to either extract information of value to you or use the network as a launch site for attacks against other targets. In either situation, you must gain some level of access to one or more network devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Phases of a Computer Attack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Phase 4 Maintaining Access Having gained access, you must maintain access long enough to accomplish your objectives. Although you have reached this phase has successfully circumvented their security controls, this phase can increase your vulnerability to detection. Phase 5 – Covering Tracks After achieving your objectives, you typically takes steps to hide the intrusion and possible controls left behind for future visits. Again, in addition to anti-malware, personal firewalls, and host-based IPS solutions, deny business users local administrator access to desktops. Alert on any unusual activity, any activity not expected based on your knowledge of how the business works. To make this work, the security and network teams must have at least as much knowledge of the network as the attacker has obtained during the attack process.

How to Say Thank You in Latin

How to Say Thank You in Latin The people of the ancient Roman Empire, who spoke Latin, expressed the concept of thank you in multiple ways. A formal thank you was commonly said as gratias tibi ago.  A less formal thank-you was simply benigne. Thank You in Latin Gratias tibi ago literally means Thanks to you I give.  The singular of gratias is gratia,  which means  gratitude, esteem, obligation. So it makes sense that the plural would mean thanks. If you were thanking more than one person (thanks to you all I give), you would change the singular indirect pronoun tibi  to the plural vobis, like this:  Gratias vobis ago.   If more than one person is thanking someone, the singular verb  ago (I give)  becomes the plural  agimus  (we give):  Gratias tibi/vobis  agimus. The Grammar Behind the Phrase Using the idiom gratias ago  or some equivalent  was the typical way that Latin speakers formally thanked each other. Notice that both forms of you are in the dative case because this pronoun is the indirect object of the verb  ago. Tu is the dative singular form, while the dative plural form is  vobis.  The verb ago  is in the first-person singular present active indicative form. Agimus is the first-person plural. Latin didnt typically use the subject pronoun, thus we dont spell out the first-person  singular nominative pronoun  ego  or the first-person plural nos.  Gratias is in the accusative (direct object of ago) plural form of  gratia, a first-declension feminine noun.   Latin sentences typically follow the subject-object-verb word order, but this can change depending on what the speaker wants to emphasize, with the stressed word coming first. For instance, the usual I give thanks to you would employ the standard gratias tibi ago  order. To emphasize the person being thanked, use tibi/vobis gratias ago. To emphasize the person giving the thanks, use ago gratias tibi/vobis. Expressions Thank you very much. Gratias maximas (tibi ago). /  Gratias ago tibi valde.   Thanks be to God. Deo gratias. Thank you for something. The preferred way to express this is to use the preposition  pro with the noun (ablative case) referring to what youre thanking someone for.  Instead of pro, use propter with the noun as a gerund in the accusative case for a less idiomatic version. Form the  gerund by adding -ndum to the stem. I want to thank you for your kindness.   Gratias tibi propter misericordiam volo. We thank you for good friends. Tibi gratias agimus  pro amicitia. I thank you for food. Tibi gratias ago  pro cibo. We thank you for wine.   Tibi gratias agimus a vino.  Ã‚   Thank you for the gift.   Tibi gratias ago pro dono. Thank someone for something they did:  Ã‚  After pro, use a gerund in the ablative case.   Thank you for saving me. Tibi gratias ago pro me servando. Less Formal Latin for Thank You There are other ways of thanking that are less formal and seem more like the modern English thanks or its equivalents in Romance languages, such as the French  merci. To say thanks or no, thanks, just use the adverb  benigne (generously, kindly). Whether its an acceptance or a polite rejection depends on how you express it. For example: Benigne! Thank you! (Roughly How generous of you or How kind of you) Benigne ades.   Nice of you to come. Benigne dicis.   Nice of you to say so, which is an appropriate way to accept a compliment.   Source The Dative Case. The Ohio State University, Columbus OH.

Quantitative analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quantitative analysis - Article Example nt the research question in the introduction, but it is evident from the flow of ideas in this section that they are interested in understanding if Icelandic nursing homes are meeting quality care standards through the MDS. The article did not present distinct research question/hypothesis, although it expressed its research goals that can be paraphrased into research questions. The research questions are: What are the trends for quality of care for nursing homes? Is there a connection between the quality variables in the MDS and the health and functional profile of elderly resident participants? The independent variables are the quality indicators and the dependent variables are patient health conditions and functional profile. The research questions have sufficient experiential/scientific background because of the prevalence of undertakings on studies regarding quality of care across the world, though they are not placed in any specific theoretical background. The researchers did not discuss how they conducted their search strategy for their review of literature. Nonetheless, the introduction sufficiently provides important published articles on the context of the research, including quality of care measurement in general and the particular care needs of residents of nursing homes in specific. In addition, the study employed a useful conceptual framework that guided their study through emphasizing the value of the MDS to their research context. Furthermore, they made it clear what their study was adding to the literature through the section, What This Paper Adds (Hjaltadà ³ttir et al., 2012, p.1343). This section shows what their contributions to nursing research are. The researchers controlled the potential impact of history on the internal validity of the study through eliminating participants with readmissions to nursing homes after spending time in hospitals because the latter can have an effect on the health status of participants. The researchers

Contract and employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract and employment - Essay Example There has been no express â€Å"garden leave† clause in her agreement. Clarissa had a very difficult divorce in 2011 and as a result of this her professional life suffered. She became careless and negligent with her work. In a major event which was attended by foreign governments (potential buyers), she left the trigger switch that fires the missiles in the office. Due to this demonstration had to be stopped. Even though this was a serious lapse from Clarissa, she was only given an informal warning and let off. She showed improvements after this. But in the re-scheduled demonstration, she programmed missile to fly for 100km rather than the 1 km that was planned. But the mistake was identified and the calculation revealed that even if the missiles had been fired they would have landed safely on a cow barn in Surrey. But after this negligence, the manager lost confidence in her and she was fired. The consequences of repeated negligence could have critical and more damaging. She was dismissed as per the contract with a six month notice and her employment contract would be terminated on 31st March, 2012. Also fearing the safety her colleagues, she was sent home on â€Å"garden leave†. During this period she was not required to work but would still be paid. She was not happy with this and complained unsuccessfully about â€Å"garden leave†. She was offered a job Flare Missiles on 1st January 2012. But the offer was valid only if she could join on February 2012. The first issue is if she can claim unfair dismissal compensation. In order to claim unfair dismissal compensation, an employee must have been employed at least for a year (i.e. 52 weeks)1. Clarissa fulfils this and hence she will be able to claim for unfair dismissal compensation. First there must be a fair reason for the employer to dismiss the employee. If the employer claims that the dismissal was on the grounds of a fair reason, then it’s his

Individual project 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Individual project 5 - Essay Example ‘Women Matter’, a study by McKinsey & Company clearly points to the fact that an organization with 2 or more woman executives at the top level was ranked highest in operation excellence and financial performance. (Desvaux, Devillard-Hoellinger, & Baumgarten, 2007) The relevance of ethnic diversity at workplace is as important as the gender diversity. But it is still very less embraced by the corporates. Its relevance is always debated upon in the corporate world. Some of the benefits of ethnic diversity in workplace are innovation, better business expansion, productivity, motivation, profitability etc. (Bell, 2012) The diversity factor of sexual orientation is important too on a different perspective. There is no specific study that has proved that the presence of LGBT crowd in an organization will increase the organization’s productivity, nor is there a study that it will reduce the productivity. Therefore, based on moral grounds, LGBT community will be allowed t o be part of organization. Discrimination against LGBT group might result in a qualified or innovative individual from being hindered to progress. Moreover, a diversity based on sexual orientation will help an organization to develop better reputation. (Feigenbaum, 2012) A concluding statement will be drawn based on a comprehensive literature review on these three factors. Desvaux, G., Devillard-Hoellinger, S., & Baumgarten, P. (2007). Women Matter. Retrieved November 4, 2012. From: http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/paris/home/womenmatter/pdfs/Women_matter_oct2007_english.pdf Bell, M. (2012). Ethnic diversity in workplace: the business benefits. Retrieved November 4, 2012. From: http://www.hrmonline.co.nz/article/ethnic-diversity-in-the-workplace-the-business-benefits-141661.aspx Feigenbaum, E. (2012.) What Are Some Diversity Issues Found in the Workplace & in America. Retrieved November 4, 2012. From:

Mass Media And The Public Opinion Problem Media Essay

Mass Media And The Public Opinion Problem Media Essay The war on Iraq is drawing to a close, but over the last six years, it has eclipsed the news agenda. Ever since the Gulf war ended in 1991, the United states and Britain have been waging an undeclared secret war on Iraq for twelve years1. The US led war in Iraq began in March 2003. Their intent was to abolish the Iraqi society allowing them to command Iraqs huge oil reserves. This war received unparalleled media coverage on television and in the press. News networks spent significant amounts of money in situating reporters and photographers in Iraq. These reporters spent time with the coalition armed forces on the front line where they were able to provide live coverage of events as they happened. A number of consequences followed. Watchdog groups raised issues about the sheer quantity of war coverage, the nature of that coverage and the independence and objectivity of those so-called embedded journalists2. Clearly, it became important to know not only what the public felt about the actual war, but also how the public received information and formed their opinion about the war. Radio had World War II. Television had the Vietnam War. Cable TV had the Gulf War. Now, the Internet may have the U.S. war with Iraq3. In this modern day war, reporters with laptops and digital cameras reported directly from battlefields. Cameras were placed at key locations for live online feeds 24 hours a day. Interactive, 3-D maps updated online graphs of troop movements, casualties and weapons used4. The Internet is capable of providing so much more, with unregulated and unbiased reports/opinions of the war. It is also capable of connecting people with like minded opinions for discourse. Coupled with other semiotic advantages of the web (instant, cost-effective), the information explosion of the Internet has led to a worldwide crises in the television industry. This crisis is responsible for transforming the creation, distribution and consumption of content. As audiences make a move from television to the Internet (for unbiased war coverage), the television industry has struggled to keep up with new technologies, to reinvent itself, to formulate new formats, to find consumers on new platforms, to cut costs and create new business models such as providing free online access to shows on their networks. This shift in mass audience attention from television to the Internet will have a large impact on the media landscape. Youre combining the speed of television with the depth of print, says Mitch Gelman, executive producer of CNN.com. This could define how [the] future [is] covered. 5 Research Question Does the explosion in Internet media further diversify and fragment the media landscape, reducing the influence of biased media on public opinion? Thesis Statement Even though the Internet is a privilege that is enjoyed only in first world countries and television and radio is still the primary source of information in most developing nations, an apparent bias in television news media has led audiences to seek more objective information from the world wide web because television news is filled with selective viewpoints while the interactivity, diversity and information capacity available on the Internet has the potential to allow the public to form a more knowledgeable opinion about politics and their government. Significance The significance of Internet news, forums and online political discussions as an information source is the ability to diversify the type of news people receive, and improve their ability to check the actions of elected officials. As opposed to news coverage on television which, filled with reports of vague truths, incomplete facts, inaccurate rumors and selective viewpoints, is determined to sell the war. Thus people are turning to online news sources in great numbers, to get a more balanced, objective and realistic perspective. Television and the Internet are pulling in opposite directions, and hence this study is important to understand this growing trend. Hypothesis This research paper claims the theory of a shift of audience attention in an information era that now includes new un-monopolized and un-biased media sources such as the Internet and hence a shift to a more diversified public opinion. This paper will bring forward the relationship between media usage and support or opposition to the Iraq war. The claims put forth in this paper will be based on the Pew Internet American Life Project Iraq War survey, March 20-25, 2003. Purpose The purpose of this research is to show that public opinion is directly dependent upon what source they get their news information from. The round-the-clock convenience of the Internet and the centralization of un-regulated and un-biased information on the web can cut information costs for citizens while still providing ample political and government information6. Thus the goal of this paper is to show that television media does not continue to exert an effect on public opinion as the impact of the Internet has made opinion more diverse leading to a crises in the television news industry. Statement of scope and limitations The scope of this research is to show how the US television media have altered facts, reported several inaccurate stories and never acknowledged that this has been more of an invasion than a war. As a result of this apparent bias in television news media, audiences are seeking more objective information from the world wide web. This paper will not cover how the Internet is a privilege that is enjoyed only in first world countries and television and radio is still the primary source of information, shaping public opinion, in these developing nations. Also, this paper will not cover how most television shows are streamed illegally online and has led to a decline in network revenue. Outline of argument Television media coverage of news events is part of the free-market system in the U.S. where a number of elite groups can influence the type of coverage given to an issue and who gets heard7. This becomes a troubling factor in the case of news covering foreign affairs because the public has fewer sources of information to compare against. This has increased the importance of the Internet as a news source. As the television media is becoming concentrated in the hands of a few, it heightens the possibility that the public will have trouble getting both sides of a report. So far, the Internet has resisted the trend toward a singular message. Opposing viewpoints and information not available from other news sources flourish on the Web. For example, a 2003 Pew Internet and American Life survey found that the majority of respondents reported using the Internet for political news because of convenience and dissatisfaction with television media8. Literature Review about 50 per cent of the population now believes that Iraq was responsible for the attack on the World Trade Centre. This has happened since September 2002. In fact, after the September 11 attack, the figure was about 3 per cent. Government-media propaganda has managed to raise that to about 50 per cent. Now if people genuinely believe that Iraq has carried out major terrorist attacks against the United States and is planning to do so again, well, in that case people will support the war. Noam Chomsky, Iraq is a trial run9 Introduction To explore the influence of both the Internet and the consolidation of television media on public opinion, this paper uses data and statistical analysis from surveys done by Pew Internet and American Life project entitled The Internet And The Iraq War. These surveys are consistent with other writers such as Herman and Chomsky (Manufacturing consent and Iraq Is A Trial Run), Shapiro and Dempsey (What moves public opinion) and Macye and Steven (Embedding The Truth) among others also mentioned in this research paper. Even though some of the articles mentioned in this paper were published before the Iraq war, their detailed analysis of the effect of media on the public opinion still has modern day ramifications for this growing shift from television to the Internet. Hence the survey data along with several consistent articles in this research paper tests the theory of media influence on public opinion in a digital age that now includes new forms of media such as the Internet, as well as increased biassnes of the television industry. An inherent bias Experts have long agreed that news coverage has a very overwhelming influence on public opinion. Analyzing surveys and polls of public opinion on issues regarding the Iraq war, Page, Shapiro and Dempsey (1987) find that change in public opinion is attributable to the source of news media forming the opinion. Public opinion towards the Iraq war in 2003 provides a case study under very unusual circumstances than other wars. Radio had World War II. Television had the Vietnam War. Cable TV had the Gulf War. Now, the Internet may have the U.S. war with Iraq10. Under these very different circumstances of newer technology, Page et al have found that, we might expect media coverage of the war to have a direct effect on public opinion. Among experts arguing that news media are systematically biased, no other has been as influential as Herman and Chomsky. In Manufacturing Consent, they advanced a propaganda model that suggests that the societal purpose of the media is to inculcate and defend the economic, social, and political agenda of privileged groups that dominate the domestic society and the state11 (298). While trying to shed light on the relationship between politics and media, this work is often taken as evidence of a biassnes in the news media. Using multivariate logistic regression, surveys done by Pew Internet American Life Project in 2003, which seem to agree with the Herman and Chomskys analysis, found that television media coverage of the Iraq war shaped public opinion. Respondents who watched cable or network television as a primary source of news about the war, about thirty million Americans, were statistically more likely to support the Iraq war. But, respondents who read online war news were significantly less likely to support the war13. The Internet has become a rich repository for satirical and subversive alternate visions. With the US campaign against Iraq, a unique form of resistance is emerging: not so much on the streets as through the electronic networks of the Internet.14 A former reporter turned media critic Bernard Goldberg writes, There are lots of reasons fewer people are watching network news, and one of them, Im more convinced than ever, is that our viewers simply dont trust us. And for good reason. The old argument that the networks and other media elites have a liberal bias is so blatantly true that its hardly worth discussing anymore.15 Shanto Iyengar, in The Accessibility Bias In Politics, argues that when the networks make a certain event more accessible by giving it extensive coverage, viewers automatically give that issue greater importance and use their opinions concerning that issue to a greater range when thinking about their country at war. During the Iraq war coverage individuals were fed a steady diet yellow journalism.16 Yellow journalism, such as images of blown up military vehicles and downed helicopters, capture the attention of an audience much more than pictures of everyday mundane events. The practice of looking for the next big event, whether it comes from a suicide bomber or from an ambush on coalition troops, convinces Americans to believe that the war is far from over. Television news programs have sensationalized the war and discarded objectivity in favor of their own opinion of the conflict. A reporter for the International Herald Tribune, Michiko Kakutani observed, Network producers have turn ed real-time reporting of the 2003 war in Iraq into prime time reality TV entertainment. Rather than presenting the real horror of war.17 Shift to the Internet In three different polls, an aggregate sample of three thousand respondents was asked, Where do you tend to get most of your news? The options offered were newspapers and magazines or TV and radio. Overall, nineteen percent said their primary news source was print media, while eighty percent said it was electronic18. These results are consistent with the findings of Kull and Ramsay, in Misperceptions, the Media, and the Iraq War, who mention that traditional news sources are to blame for misperceptions regarding the reasons to invade Iraq. People who depend on the Internet as their main news source, who tend to be younger and better educated than rest of the public and is roughly 68 percent of the American population, expressed unfavorable and analytical opinions of traditional news sources and press performance19. These audiences, about 6 out of 10,also say that news organizations do not care about the people they report on, and fifty three percent, of that number, believe that news organizations are too critical of America20. In the 2003 surveys these respondents mentioned they got news of the Iraq war from the web because you dont get all the news and information you want from traditional new sources such as the daily news paper or the network TV news.21 They also said getting information online is more convenient22 The Internet strips away one of the most despicable beliefs of journalism the ridiculous idea that journalists are fair-minded truth seekers out for nothing more than a good story.23 Due to Internet journalism -which has broken the monopoly of the status quo-, Mark Poster, in The Second Media Age, says we are shifting back towards an era of open discourse, much similar to the old days when various newspapers with various political connections, competed for the publics attention.24 He goes on to explain that the interactivity, diversity, flexibility, and information capacity available on the Internet have the capability to allow the public to become more knowledgeable about politics and government. Its hard to be unbiased Over the last six years of the Iraq war coverage, we have become used to watching journalists report from battlefields. These embedded journalists live, sleep, eat and face danger with the troops. Spending so much time with them, the journalists get to know the troops as individuals. Hence the reports are humanised. But these much praised reports of war overlook the fact that these embeds are embedded with one side only. This in no way is a balanced perspective25. A very pessimistic John Simpson of the BBC says: I dont want to spend my whole time with people to whom I owe my safety, my protection, my food, my transport, and then be expected to be completely honest about them, because theres always that sense that youre betraying a trust.26 In todays style of non stop news coverage, it is very hard for a report to be unbiased. News programs today are made to grasp the attention of hyperactive and impatient audience (since there are other channels to choose from). Usually, every television news report is told in less than two minutes. This results in a great loss of detail, and thats where the TV reporters personal bias comes into play: he or she decides what parts of a story to include or omit. As many people have pointed out, broadcast news is dangerous, not because of whats reported, but because of what is not reported. Fortunately the Internet is becoming a more reliable source of daily news, and it helps fill in the gaps. Anyone looking for current news, can gather more information in five minutes on the Internet than they can get in an hour of watching television. Conclusion The television media culture has become arrogant, often ignorant and mindless, but not quite so dominant as it used to be. Specifically, television news is no the same anymore. The Internet, with its hundreds of news sources, some professional reports and many others not so professional, is doing to television news what television news did to newspapers a generation ago, steadily stealing its audience. Methodology see >> http://www.abdn.ac.uk/sociology/notes06/Level4/SO4530/Assigned-Readings/Seminar%2011.2.pdf Bibliography/Footnotes 1.(see John Pilgers The Secret War on Iraq). 2. The Media Workers Against the War and the Indymedia network media War coverage. wiki 3. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-03-18-iraq-internet_x.htm 4. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/2889171.stm 5. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_24-3-2003_pg6_1 6. http://prq.sagepub.com/content/56/2/175.short 7. http://search2.scholarsportal.info.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/ids70/view_record.php?id=7recnum=2log=from_resSID=986263f7ea97c6532362216a8e2aee36mark_id=search:7:76,0,4 8. http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report.pdf.pdf 9. http://www.zcommunications.org/iraq-is-a-trial-run-by-noam-chomsky 10. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-03-18-iraq-internet_x.htm 11. Manufacturing Consent 12. http://www.media-studies.ca/articles/war_propaganda.htm 13. http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report.pdf.pdf 14. http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu/dwhayes/iraq_mpsa08.pdf 15. http://www.amazon.com/Bias-Insider-Exposes-Media-Distort/dp/0895261901 16. http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/2/1/1.pdf [oxford journals] >> http://ijpor.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/2/1/1.pdf 17. Michiko Kakutani. The Ultimate Reality TV Show: Coverage on the War in Iraq. At Issue: Reality TV. Ed. Karen F. Balkin. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. August 2004. 25 July 2010. . 18. http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2003/PIP_Iraq_War_Report.pdf.pdf 19. Lbid, page 20.lbid 21.lbid 22. lbid 23. http://www.lewrockwell.com/greenhut/greenhut34.html 24. http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/9541_011389ch01.pdf 25. see downloads dooley 26. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/mar/15/john-simpson-bbc-murdoch-journalism -http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/apr/18/embedded-war-reporting-iraq-afghanistn

Perception Of The Bourgeoisie in Steppenwolf Essay -- Hesse Steppenwol

Perception Of The Bourgeoisie in Steppenwolf      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hermann Hesse's Steppenwolf presents a paradoxical picture of the bourgeoisie. The main character, Harry Haller, acknowledges his bourgeois upbringing and frequently has a bourgeois view about various aspects of society; however, at the same time, he condemns the bourgeois lifestyle and all that it represents because of his perceived alienation from it.    The bourgeoisie itself is represented in many different lights in Steppenwolf. The first representation is through the character of Haller's landlady's nephew. The nephew is the most typical bourgeois in the novel, and thus the least explored representation because he easily fits into the reader's own perceptions with no need for further elaboration. He is the petit bourgeois who goes to his business every day, takes the same short lunch break, returns to work, goes home, and repeats the same unadventurous pattern day after day without ever questioning his role in society or the reason for his existence.    The "Treatise on the Steppenwolf" presents another portrait of Hesse's perception of the bourgeoisie and of Haller's relationship to it. Haller is "secretly and persistently attracted to the little bourgeois world" (50) in the same way he is to jazz music which "much as [he] detested it, had always had a secret charm for [him]."(37) Because "he took up his abode always among the middle classes", he had grown accustomed to viewing society "in a thoroughly bourgeois manner." (51) The treatise describes being "bourgeois" as seeking balance between two extremes "at the cost of that intensity of life and feeling which an extreme life affords." (51) In this sense, Haller himself is bourgeois because he constant... ...nderstands it and resolves to "be a better hand at the game" (218) it seems that he will one day join Pablo and Mozart who are waiting for him in this magical realm free of bourgeois conventions. To "teach [him] to laugh [was] the whole aim" (177) and it is the only true suicide of the Steppenwolf and the bourgeois self because "it's no good with a razor." (178) Only laughter can free the thousand facets of his soul.    Works Cited Boulby, Mark. Herman Hesse: His Mind and Art. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1967 Hesse, Hermann. Steppenwolf. Trans. Basil Creighton. Ed. Joseph Mileck and Horst Frenz. New York: Henry Holt and Company Ltd., 1990 Wegener, Franz. Herman Hesse's theory of National Socialism in "Der Steppenwolf". Trans. Laura Campbell, Werner Habel and Eva-Maria Stuckel. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/8444/steppenwolfeng.html (visited: 99/01/30)